The Hindu Editorial – 03 Feb 2026
End in sight: On the U.S.-India trade deal, America’s tariffs
Editorial Grammar & Vocabulary Analysis
For SSC, Banking, NDA, CDS, UPSC & Teaching Exams
News (Sub) of the India-United States trade deal (Obj) has brought (Present Perfect) palpable (Adj) relief (Obj) to a lot of Indian (Adj) industries (Obj), but it (Sub) also (Adv) comes (Present Simple) with persistent (Adj) and important (Adj) questions (Obj) that (Sub) remain (Present Simple) unanswered (Adj) despite a press (Adj) statement (Obj) by India’s Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal (Obj).
सारांश: भारत-अमेरिका व्यापार सौदे की घोषणा ने भारतीय उद्योगों को महत्वपूर्ण राहत प्रदान की है, लेकिन इसने वाणिज्य मंत्री के आधिकारिक बयान के बाद भी कई अनसुलझे सवाल भी खड़े किए हैं।
The initial (Adj) announcement (Sub), through social media (Obj), while true to U.S. President Donald Trump’s form (Obj), also (Adv) marks (Present Simple) a departure (Obj) for India (Obj) and Prime Minister Narendra Modi (Obj). Past (Adj) trade deal (Adj) announcements (Sub) have all (Adv) been made (Present Perfect Passive) through more formal (Adj) channels (Obj).
सारांश: प्रारंभिक घोषणा सोशल मीडिया के माध्यम से करना राष्ट्रपति ट्रम्प के लिए सामान्य है लेकिन भारत की ऐसी घोषणाओं के लिए औपचारिक माध्यमों के उपयोग की पारंपरिक प्रथा से एक बदलाव का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है।
The announcement (Sub) of U.S. tariffs (Obj) on Indian (Adj) imports (Obj) being cut (Gerund) to 18% (Obj) from the existing (Adj) 50% (Obj) is (Present Simple) certainly (Adv) welcome (Adj). However, as of now (Adv), there (Sub) is (Present Simple) no (Adj) clarity (Obj) on when this (Sub) would be implemented (Modal Passive).
सारांश: भारतीय वस्तुओं पर अमेरिकी टैरिफ में 50% से 18% की कटौती एक सकारात्मक विकास है, लेकिन इसके कार्यान्वयन की समयरेखा अस्पष्ट और अनिर्दिष्ट बनी हुई है।
While Mr. Trump (Sub) said (Past Simple) they (Sub) would be cut (Modal Passive) “immediately” (Adv), Mr. Goyal (Sub) said (Past Simple) that the details (Sub) will be shared (Future Simple Passive) “soon” (Adv). There (Sub) is (Present Simple) also (Adv) considerable (Adj) ambiguity (Obj) over whether this (Sub) is (Present Simple) the first (Adj) tranche (Obj) or ‘mini-deal’ (Obj) of a larger (Adj) Bilateral Trade Agreement (Obj), a limited (Adj) deal (Obj) affecting (Present Participle) only (Adv) tariffs (Obj), or something (Obj) in between.
सारांश: कार्यान्वयन समयरेखा के संबंध में विरोधाभासी बयान मौजूद हैं, और सौदे की प्रकृति के बारे में महत्वपूर्ण अनिश्चितता है—चाहे वह बड़े समझौते का हिस्सा है, एक सीमित टैरिफ समझौता है, या कुछ और।
Mr. Trump’s assertion (Sub) that Mr. Modi (Sub) has “agreed to stop buying (Gerund) Russian oil” (Obj) must also (Adv) be addressed (Modal Passive) by the Indian (Adj) government (Obj) sooner rather than later (Adv). Mr. Goyal (Sub) did not touch upon (Past Simple) this (Obj) in his statement (Obj).
सारांश: राष्ट्रपति ट्रम्प के इस दावे कि भारत रूसी तेल आयात बंद करने पर सहमत हुआ है, के लिए भारत सरकार से तत्काल स्पष्टीकरण की आवश्यकता है, जो वाणिज्य मंत्री के बयान में नहीं दिया गया।
Stopping (Gerund) Russian oil (Obj) entirely (Adv) would not only (Adv) force (Modal Verb) India (Obj) to find (Infinitive) alternatives (Obj) for about a third (Obj) of its oil imports (Obj) but would also (Adv) cast (Modal Verb) a shadow (Obj) over its relations (Obj) with Russia (Obj), which (Sub) is (Present Simple) a long-time (Adj) friend (Obj) and critical (Adj) supplier (Obj) of defence (Adj) equipment (Obj). Such (Adj) a move (Sub) would announce (Modal Verb) a very definite (Adj) realignment (Obj) for India (Obj) and, in that light (Adv), deserves (Present Simple) to be discussed (Infinitive) in Parliament (Obj) first (Adv).
सारांश: रूसी तेल आयात पूरी तरह से रोकने के लिए भारत के तेल आपूर्ति के एक बड़े हिस्से के लिए विकल्प ढूंढना आवश्यक होगा और इससे रूस के साथ उसके रणनीतिक संबंधों को नुकसान पहुंच सकता है, जो एक प्रमुख रक्षा साझेदार है, जिससे संसदीय बहावे का औचित्य है।
Similarly (Adv), buying (Gerund) more Venezuelan (Adj) crude (Obj) comes (Present Simple) with its own (Adj) refining (Adj) challenges (Obj).
सारांश: वेनेजुएला के कच्चे तेल जैसे वैकल्पिक स्रोतों की ओर बढ़ना भारत की रिफाइनरियों के लिए विशिष्ट तकनीकी और प्रसंस्करण कठिनाइयां भी पेश करता है।
There (Sub) is (Present Simple) also (Adv) the question (Obj) of what India (Sub) has committed (Present Perfect) to the U.S. (Obj) in terms of tariff (Adj) concessions (Obj), investments (Obj) and purchase orders (Obj). Apart from making (Gerund) the assurance (Obj) that sensitive (Adj) agricultural (Adj) items (Obj) and dairy (Obj) would be excluded (Modal Passive), the government (Sub) has been (Present Perfect) silent (Adj) despite several significant (Adj) assertions (Obj) being made (Present Participle) by Mr. Trump (Obj) and his team (Obj).
सारांश: यह स्पष्ट नहीं है कि भारत ने टैरिफ कटौती, निवेश और खरीद प्रतिबद्धताओं के संबंध में अमेरिका को क्या वादा किया है। कुछ कृषि और डेयरी क्षेत्रों की सुरक्षा के अलावा, सरकार ने अमेरिकी प्रशासन द्वारा किए गए कई महत्वपूर्ण दावों का जवाब नहीं दिया है।
While the “final stages of detailing” (Sub) are (Present Simple) still (Adv) to be completed (Infinitive), as Mr. Goyal (Sub) has said (Present Perfect), the light (Sub) at the end of the tunnel (Obj) has already (Adv) buoyed (Present Perfect) Indian (Adj) stock markets (Obj), bolstered (Present Perfect) the rupee (Obj), and brought (Present Perfect) especial (Adj) cheer (Obj) to labour-intensive (Adj) sectors (Obj) such as textiles (Obj), apparel (Obj), footwear (Obj), leather (Obj) and engineering (Adj) goods (Obj) that (Sub) had been hurting (Past Perfect Continuous) from the 50% tariffs (Obj).
सारांश: हालांकि अंतिम विवरण लंबित हैं, सौदे की संभावना ने पहले ही भारतीय बाजारों को सकारात्मक रूप से प्रभावित किया है, रुपये को मजबूत किया है, और विशेष रूप से श्रम-गहन निर्यात क्षेत्रों को प्रोत्साहित किया है जो उच्च अमेरिकी टैरिफ के तहत पीड़ित थे।
These sectors (Sub) already (Adv) stand (Present Simple) to gain (Infinitive) from the India-European Union trade deal (Obj), which Mr. Goyal (Sub) has assured (Present Perfect) will come into effect (Future Simple) this year (Obj).
सारांश: ये उद्योग आसन्न भारत-यूरोपीय संघ व्यापार समझौते से भी लाभान्वित होने के लिए तैयार हैं, जिसके इस वर्ष लागू होने की उम्मीद है।
The tariffs (Sub) they (Sub) will face (Future Simple) in the U.S. (Obj) will likely (Adv) still (Adv) be (Future Simple) slightly (Adv) higher (Adj) than those (Obj) enjoyed (Past Participle) by competitors (Obj) in the South-East Asian (Adj) countries (Obj) due to their Most-Favoured Nation (Adj) status (Obj). Yet, the new (Adj) deal (Sub) stands (Present Simple) to certainly (Adv) enhance (Infinitive) their competitiveness (Obj), and the targeted (Adj) announcements (Sub) in the Union Budget 2026 (Obj) should also (Adv) help (Modal Verb) bridge (Infinitive) this narrower (Adj) gap (Obj).
सारांश: नए सौदे के साथ भी, भारतीय निर्यात को दक्षिण पूर्व एशियाई प्रतिस्पर्धियों की तुलना में अमेरिकी टैरिफ का मामूली रूप से अधिक सामना करना पड़ेगा जिनके पास सर्वाधिक अनुकूल राष्ट्र का दर्जा है। हालांकि, समझौता उनकी प्रतिस्पर्धात्मकता में सुधार करेगा, और आगामी बजट उपाय इस छोटे अंतर को पाटने में मदद कर सकते हैं।
Important Vocabulary
Meaning: Able to be touched or felt; so intense as to seem almost tangible.
हिन्दी अर्थ: स्पर्शनीय, स्पष्ट
Synonyms: tangible, perceptible, noticeable
Antonyms: intangible, imperceptible, subtle
Example: There was a palpable sense of relief in the room after the announcement.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: Continuing firmly or obstinately despite difficulty or opposition.
हिन्दी अर्थ: लगातार, दृढ़
Synonyms: continuous, constant, relentless
Antonyms: intermittent, occasional, sporadic
Example: Her persistent efforts finally yielded results.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: A deviation from an established, usual, or accepted course.
हिन्दी अर्थ: विचलन, परिवर्तन
Synonyms: deviation, divergence, shift
Antonyms: adherence, conformity, continuity
Example: His new policy marks a departure from tradition.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: The quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness.
हिन्दी अर्थ: अस्पष्टता, अनिश्चितता
Synonyms: vagueness, uncertainty, equivocation
Antonyms: clarity, certainty, precision
Example: The ambiguity in the contract led to a dispute.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: A portion or installment, especially of a loan or investment.
हिन्दी अर्थ: किश्त, हिस्सा
Synonyms: installment, portion, segment
Antonyms: whole, entirety, total
Example: The IMF released the first tranche of the loan.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: A confident and forceful statement of fact or belief.
हिन्दी अर्थ: दावा, कथन
Synonyms: declaration, claim, statement
Antonyms: denial, retraction, disavowal
Example: He made an assertion without providing any evidence.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: The action of changing or restoring to a different or former position or state.
हिन्दी अर्थ: पुनर्संरेखण, फिर से गठबंधन
Synonyms: reorganization, restructuring, rearrangement
Antonyms: stability, maintenance, preservation
Example: The political realignment shifted the balance of power.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: Kept afloat or uplifted; made more cheerful or confident.
हिन्दी अर्थ: उत्साहित करना, ऊपर उठाना
Synonyms: uplifted, encouraged, cheered
Antonyms: depressed, discouraged, weighed down
Example: The team was buoyed by their early success.
Phrasal Verb: buoy up
Meaning: Supported or strengthened; reinforced.
हिन्दी अर्थ: मजबूत करना, सहारा देना
Synonyms: strengthened, supported, reinforced
Antonyms: weakened, undermined, sabotaged
Example: The new evidence bolstered their case.
Phrasal Verb: bolster up
Meaning: The ability of a company, country, or product to compete effectively.
हिन्दी अर्थ: प्रतिस्पर्धात्मकता
Synonyms: rivalry, contention, vying
Antonyms: uncompetitiveness, monopoly, dominance
Example: Improving quality is key to enhancing competitiveness in global markets.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
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Source: The Hindu Newspaper – Link
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