The Hindu Editorial – 01 Feb 2026
IIT-Kanpur team develops new way to predict solar cycles
Editorial Grammar & Vocabulary Analysis
For SSC, Banking, NDA, CDS, UPSC & Teaching Exams
The sun (Sub) is (Present Simple) a giant magnetic (Adj) ball (Obj) that (Sub) goes (Present Simple) through roughly (Adv) 11-year (Adj) cycles (Obj) of activity (Obj) that (Sub) drive (Present Simple) solar flares (Obj) and space (Adj) weather (Obj) that (Sub) can disrupt (Modal Verb) satellites (Obj) and power grids (Obj) on the earth (Obj). But predicting (Gerund) the strength (Obj) and timing (Obj) of these cycles (Obj) has been (Present Perfect) difficult (Adj) because scientists (Sub) can’t see (Modal Verb – Present) the magnetic (Adj) fields (Obj) deep (Adv) inside the sun (Obj), where the activity (Sub) originates (Present Simple).
सारांश: सूर्य लगभग 11-वर्षीय गतिविधि चक्रों से गुजरता है जो सौर ज्वालाओं और अंतरिक्ष मौसम का उत्पादन करते हैं, जो पृथ्वी पर उपग्रहों और बिजली ग्रिड को नुकसान पहुंचा सकते हैं। हालाँकि, इन चक्रों की भविष्यवाणी करना चुनौतीपूर्ण है क्योंकि आंतरिक चुंबकीय क्षेत्र जहाँ गतिविधि उत्पन्न होती है, अदृश्य हैं।
In a January 20 (Adj) study (Obj) in Astrophysical Journal Letters, PhD student Soumyadeep Chatterjee (Sub) and assistant professor Gopal Hazra at IIT-Kanpur (Sub) reported (Past Simple) reconstructing (Gerund) the invisible (Adj) magnetic fields (Obj) inside the sun (Obj) using (Gerund) 30 years (Obj) of data (Obj) collected (Past Participle) from the surface (Obj).
सारांश: आईआईटी-कानपुर के शोधकर्ताओं ने हाल के एक वैज्ञानिक प्रकाशन में सतह के तीन दशकों के डेटा का विश्लेषण करके सूर्य के छिपे हुए आंतरिक चुंबकीय क्षेत्रों को मैप करने की एक विधि का विवरण दिया है।
For decades, solar (Adj) physicists (Sub) have used (Present Perfect) computer simulations (Obj) called (Past Participle) dynamo models (Obj) to understand (Infinitive) how the sun (Sub) generates (Present Simple) its magnetic field (Obj). Traditionally (Adv), these models (Sub) relied (Past Simple) on simplified theoretical (Adj) rules (Obj) to represent (Infinitive) sunspots (Obj). For example, previous (Adj) models (Sub) often (Adv) treated (Past Simple) sunspots (Obj) as simple, symmetrical circular (Adj) patches (Obj) even though real (Adj) sunspots (Sub) are (Present Simple) messy and irregular (Adj). But such (Adj) simplifications (Sub) often (Adv) led (Past Simple) to inaccurate (Adj) predictions (Obj).
सारांश: वैज्ञानिक लंबे समय से सूर्य के चुंबकीय क्षेत्र के निर्माण का अध्ययन करने के लिए डायनेमो कंप्यूटर मॉडल का उपयोग करते रहे हैं। इन मॉडलों ने ऐतिहासिक रूप से सनस्पॉट्स को उनके वास्तविक जटिल रूपों के विपरीत, साफ-सुथरे, सममित आकारों के रूप में सरल बना दिया, जिससे भविष्यवाणी त्रुटियां हुईं।
The duo (Sub), instead of relying (Gerund) on theoretical (Adj) shapes (Obj), fed (Past Simple) their 3D (Adj) computer model (Obj) real (Adj) observations (Obj) of the sun’s surface (Adj) field (Obj). They (Sub) used (Past Simple) data (Obj) recorded (Past Participle) between 1996 and 2025 (Obj) by satellites (Obj) like SOHO (Obj) and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (Obj). By forcing (Gerund) the model (Obj) to align (Infinitive) with observations (Obj) from the surface (Obj), they (Sub) could estimate (Past Simple – Modal) what the magnetic fields (Sub) deep inside the sun (Obj) must be doing (Modal Verb + Present Continuous).
सारांश: शोधकर्ताओं ने एक डेटा-चालित दृष्टिकोण अपनाया, सैद्धांतिक मान्यताओं के बजाय उपग्रहों से प्राप्त वास्तविक सौर सतह अवलोकनों को अपने 3डी मॉडल में इनपुट किया। वास्तविक डेटा के साथ मॉडल को बाध्य करके, उन्होंने सूर्य के गहरे चुंबकीय क्षेत्रों के संभावित व्यवहार का अनुमान लगाया।
The data-driven (Adj) model (Sub) could reproduce (Past Simple – Modal) the ‘butterfly diagram’ (Obj), a chart (Sub) visualising (Present Participle) how sunspots (Sub) migrate (Present Simple) from the sun’s high latitudes (Obj) towards the equator (Obj) over a cycle (Obj).
सारांश: नए मॉडल ने बटरफ्लाई डायग्राम को सफलतापूर्वक पुनः बनाया, जो एक सौर चक्र के दौरान सनस्पॉट्स के ध्रुवीय क्षेत्रों से भूमध्य रेखा की ओर विशेषता प्रवास पैटर्न को दर्शाता है।
It (Sub) also (Adv) revealed (Past Simple) the behaviour (Obj) of the toroidal (Adj) magnetic field (Obj) within the sun’s convection zone (Obj). This field (Sub) wraps (Present Simple) around the sun (Obj) like a doughnut (Obj) and (Sub) is (Present Simple) the primary (Adj) driver (Obj) of sunspots (Obj). The researchers (Sub) found (Past Simple) their simulated (Adj) internal field (Sub) matched (Past Simple) the actual (Adj) intensity (Obj) of cycles 23, 24, and 25 (Obj).
सारांश: मॉडल ने सूर्य के संवहन क्षेत्र में टोरॉइडल चुंबकीय क्षेत्र के बारे में विवरण भी प्रकट किया, जो एक डोनट के आकार का क्षेत्र है जो सनस्पॉट्स का मुख्य स्रोत है। अनुकरणित क्षेत्र पिछले तीन सौर चक्रों की प्रेक्षित तीव्रता से सटीक रूप से मेल खाता था।
They (Sub) also (Adv) tested (Past Simple) the model’s predictive (Adj) capability (Obj) by stopping (Gerund) the data feed (Obj) at various points (Obj) to see (Infinitive) if it (Sub) could forecast (Past Simple – Modal) what (Sub) happened (Past Simple) next (Adv). It (Sub) could accurately (Adv) predict (Past Simple – Modal) the peak amplitude (Obj) of a cycle (Obj) up to three years (Obj) in advance (Adv). So (Adv) by monitoring (Gerund) the surface (Adj) magnetic fields (Obj) today (Adv), scientists (Sub) can get (Modal Verb) a reliable (Adj) warning (Obj) of how active (Adj) the sun (Sub) will be (Future Simple) later (Adv).
सारांश: टीम ने डेटा इनपुट रोककर और ज्ञात परिणामों के विरुद्ध इसकी भविष्यवाणियों की जांच करके मॉडल की पूर्वानुमान शक्ति को मान्य किया। इसने सौर चक्र के चरम बिंदुओं का तीन साल पहले तक सफलतापूर्वक अनुमान लगाया, जो वर्तमान सतह अवलोकनों के आधार पर एक विश्वसनीय प्रारंभिक चेतावनी प्रणाली प्रदान करता है।
“Our findings (Sub) on one hand (Adv) strengthen (Present Simple) our physics understanding (Obj) of the generation (Obj) of solar (Adj) magnetic fields (Obj) and on the other (Adv) predict (Present Simple) when the sun (Sub) will be (Future Simple) active, violent, and very dangerous (Adj) for space-borne (Adj) technological assets (Obj) and communications (Obj),” Dr. Hazra (Sub) told (Past Simple) The Hindu (Obj).
सारांश: डॉ. हजरा ने कहा कि शोध सौर चुंबकत्व की मौलिक वैज्ञानिक समझ को बढ़ाता है जबकि तीव्र सौर गतिविधि की अवधि का पूर्वानुमान लगाने के लिए व्यावहारिक उपकरण प्रदान करता है जो अंतरिक्ष-आधारित प्रौद्योगिकी और संचार को खतरे में डालती है।
Important Vocabulary
Meaning: Series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order.
हिन्दी अर्थ: चक्र, आवर्ती क्रम
Synonyms: phases, rounds, rotations
Antonyms: linear progression, irregularity
Example: The water cycle is essential for life on Earth.
Phrasal Verb: Cycle through
Meaning: To interrupt or cause disorder in a process or system.
हिन्दी अर्थ: बाधित करना, विघ्न डालना
Synonyms: disturb, interrupt, obstruct
Antonyms: facilitate, aid, promote
Example: Heavy snow can disrupt air travel.
Phrasal Verb: Disrupt with
Meaning: Building or forming again, especially from available evidence.
हिन्दी अर्थ: पुनर्निर्माण करना, फिर से बनाना
Synonyms: rebuild, recreate, reassemble
Antonyms: demolish, destroy, dismantle
Example: Archaeologists reconstructed the ancient vase from fragments.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: Imitations of a situation or process, often using a computer model.
हिन्दी अर्थ: अनुकरण, सिमुलेशन
Synonyms: models, imitations, replicas
Antonyms: reality, actuality
Example: Flight simulators are used to train pilots.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: The process of making something less complex or easier to understand.
हिन्दी अर्थ: सरलीकरण, आसान बनाना
Synonyms: streamlining, reduction, oversimplification
Antonyms: complication, elaboration, intricacy
Example: The textbook’s simplification of the theory omitted important details.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: Not correct; containing mistakes.
हिन्दी अर्थ: अशुद्ध, गलत
Synonyms: incorrect, erroneous, wrong
Antonyms: accurate, correct, precise
Example: The witness gave an inaccurate description of the suspect.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: The action or process of closely watching or monitoring something.
हिन्दी अर्थ: अवलोकन, निरीक्षण
Synonyms: monitoring, watching, scrutiny
Antonyms: ignorance, neglect, inattention
Example: Scientific observations must be recorded carefully.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: To place or arrange things in a straight line or correct position relative to each other.
हिन्दी अर्थ: संरेखित करना, एक पंक्ति में लाना
Synonyms: line up, adjust, coordinate
Antonyms: misalign, disarrange, offset
Example: The wheels of the car need to be aligned properly.
Phrasal Verb: Align with
Meaning: To move from one region or habitat to another, especially regularly according to the seasons.
हिन्दी अर्थ: प्रवास करना, स्थानांतरित होना
Synonyms: move, relocate, travel
Antonyms: remain, stay, settle
Example: Many birds migrate south for the winter.
Phrasal Verb: Migrate to/from
Meaning: The maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium.
हिन्दी अर्थ: आयाम, विस्तार
Synonyms: magnitude, extent, range
Antonyms: minimum, baseline
Example: The amplitude of the sound wave determines its loudness.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: Consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted.
हिन्दी अर्थ: विश्वसनीय, भरोसेमंद
Synonyms: dependable, trustworthy, consistent
Antonyms: unreliable, erratic, undependable
Example: He is a reliable employee who always meets deadlines.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: Using or involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill; very strong or severe.
हिन्दी अर्थ: हिंसक, प्रचंड
Synonyms: fierce, intense, forceful
Antonyms: gentle, mild, peaceful
Example: The storm caused violent winds and heavy rain.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
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Source: The Hindu Newspaper – Link
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