Incorrect. The phrase “her ability to” should be followed by parallel gerund phrases. Since “drafting reports” and “working collaboratively” are gerunds, “analyze data” must also be a gerund: “analyzing data.” Example: “She has a talent for singing, dancing, and acting.” (Not: “She has a talent for sing, dancing, and acting.”)

Incorrect. The verb “include” should be followed by parallel gerund phrases. Since “reviewing reports” and “supervising staff” are gerunds, “to conduct meetings” must also be a gerund: “conducting meetings.” Example: “Her duties include answering calls, scheduling appointments, and managing files.” (Not: “Her duties include answering calls, to schedule appointments, and managing files.”)

Incorrect. The phrase “keep herself from” is incorrect because the subject is “I,” so the reflexive pronoun “herself” does not agree. The correct phrase is “keep her from” or “stop her from,” where “her” is the object pronoun. Example: “I had to stop him from making a mistake.” (Not: “I had to keep himself from making a mistake.”)

Incorrect. The verb “avoid” is followed by a gerund (verb + ing), not an infinitive. Therefore, “to make” should be replaced with “making.” Example: “You should avoid eating junk food.” (Not: “You should avoid to eat junk food.”)

Incorrect. In reported speech, the word order changes from question form to statement form, and pronouns shift according to the subject. “Why are authorities targeting us” should become “why authorities are targeting them.” Example: “They asked why the government was imposing new rules.” (Not: “They asked why was the government imposing new rules.”)

Incorrect. The phrase “the all” is grammatically incorrect. The correct determiner to use with plural countable nouns like “communities” is “all the” or “the many,” not “the all.” Therefore, “the all communities” should be replaced with “the many communities” or “all the communities.” Example: “The policy aims to protect all the diverse groups in society.” (Not: “The policy aims to protect the all diverse groups in society.”)

Incorrect. The correct idiomatic expression is “throwing in the towel,” which means to give up or admit defeat. “Throwing up in the towel” is incorrect and changes the meaning entirely. Example: “After months of struggling, he decided to throw in the towel and quit.” (Not: “After months of struggling, he decided to throw up in the towel and quit.”)

Incorrect. The word “rainfell” is incorrect; the correct noun is “rainfall.” Additionally, the present perfect tense “has been” is correctly used with “Since the 1990s” to indicate an action that began in the past and continues to the present. Example: “Since 2000, the average temperature has been rising steadily.” (Not: “Since 2000, the average temperature had been rising steadily.”)

Incorrect. The word “difference” is a noun, but the sentence requires the adjective “different” to modify the noun phrase “evolutionary histories.” Therefore, “difference” should be replaced with “different.” Example: “They have very different life experiences.” (Not: “They have very difference life experiences.”)

Incorrect. The preposition “from” must be followed by a gerund (verb + ing). Therefore, “give” should be replaced with “giving.” Example: “From working long hours, she gained valuable experience.” (Not: “From work long hours, she gained valuable experience.”)

Incorrect. This is a Type 1 conditional sentence expressing a real possibility. The “if” clause uses the simple present tense (“send”), so the main clause should use “will + base verb,” not “would.” Therefore, “I would gift” should be replaced with “I will gift.” Example: “If you come to the party, I will introduce you to my friends.” (Not: “If you come to the party, I would introduce you to my friends.”)

Incorrect. The verb “consider” is followed by a gerund (verb + ing). Additionally, the correct phrasal verb for beginning an activity is “take up,” not “take in.” Therefore, “taken in” should be replaced with “taking up.” Example: “You should consider taking up yoga for better health.” (Not: “You should consider taken in yoga for better health.”)

Incorrect. The subject of the sentence is “list,” which is singular. Therefore, the verb must also be singular. “Are” should be replaced with “is.” Example: “The list of participants is being finalized.” (Not: “The list of participants are being finalized.”)

Incorrect. The verb “prohibit” is followed by the structure “prohibit + object + from + gerund.” Therefore, “visitors to feed” should be replaced with “visitors from feeding.” Example: “The rules prohibit students from using mobile phones in class.” (Not: “The rules prohibit students to use mobile phones in class.”)

Incorrect. In a Type 2 conditional expressing an unreal or hypothetical situation, the subjunctive “were” is used instead of “was” after “if” for all persons. Therefore, “was to exercise” should be replaced with “were to exercise.” Example: “If she were to arrive early, we could start the meeting.” (Not: “If she was to arrive early, we could start the meeting.”)

Incorrect. The preposition “despite” is never followed by “of.” It is used directly before a noun or gerund. Therefore, “Despite of” should be replaced with “Despite.” Example: “Despite the challenges, they succeeded.” (Not: “Despite of the challenges, they succeeded.”)

Incorrect. The phrase “Having arrived late for the concert” is a dangling participle because it incorrectly modifies “the gates.” The gates did not arrive late; people did. The sentence must be restructured so the subject of the main clause matches the participle phrase. “When we arrived late for the show” correctly provides a subject for the action. Example: “Having finished the assignment, she went to bed.” (Not: “Having finished the assignment, the bed was comfortable.”)

Incorrect. The phrase “to whom the task was assigned” is grammatically correct. “Whom” is the correct object pronoun after the preposition “to,” and the word order follows proper relative clause structure. Example: “The person to whom the letter was addressed has moved away.” (similar correct usage).

Incorrect. The specific past time reference “On Wednesday last week” requires the simple past tense, not the present perfect tense. Therefore, “has sent” should be replaced with “sent.” Example: “Yesterday, she completed the project.” (Not: “Yesterday, she has completed the project.”)

Incorrect. The phrase “Population inclines of butterflies” is incorrect. “Inclines” means upward slopes or tendencies and does not fit the context of a population decrease. The correct word is “declines,” which means reductions or decreases. Example: “The declines in bee populations are alarming.” (Not: “The inclines in bee populations are alarming.”)